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List of
Process:
Lube Oil Blending and Dispatching Plant, Paramo a.s., 1994
Lube Oil Blending Plant, Koramo a.s., 1997
Vacuum Distillation Unit of Atmospheric Residuum (For Lube
Oil Distillates Production),
Paramo a.s., 1997
Production of Bitumen-Bentonite Suspensions, Paramo
a.s., 1992-1993
SR Gasoline Stabilizer and LPG Production Paramo a.s., 1998.
Lube Oil Blending and Dispatching Plant,
Paramo a.s., 1994
The plant consists of two
independently
operating sections, i.e. oil blending and additive mixing, and filling of the finished
lube oils into containers of
various sizes, including base oils, additives and final products
storage tank farms and dispatch-
ing.
Lube oil blending and additive mixing is a fully
automatic batching process performed within
four paralel lines, each con-
sisting of one blender and one weigh hopper.
Keeping the weight ratios of the lube oil components is ensured by their
pre-
cise weighing and is
program-controlled by remote opening/closing of dedicated flap valves. A clear
evidence of keeping
the prescription of the finished lube oil formulation is written down on
a printed card - blend report.
Basic feeds to the blending process are the base lube oil stocks. The blending
procedure follows the prescribed formula for
each product. Additives are mixed according to the precise weight prescription in order to achieve
the required properties.
Lube oil blending takes place in mixing agitators - blenders.
The additives are pumped
into the blenders from the storage
tanks or
directly from the drums utilizing special type of
pumps. Larger additive volumes are weighed in hoppers. Volumes
of drum additives
are set as the weight difference of a
drum before and after weighing on
semi-automatic drum decanting unit, specially designed and
supplied by PROKOP
ENGINEERING.
Finished lube oils
are stored in dedicated storage tanks and
from there are pumped to the barrels/canisters/bottles filling
machines
or to the loading arms (rail road tanks, road tank cars). The
process allows filling of both containers and rail road
tanks and road tank cars directly
from the blenders.
Weighing of the base lube oils stocks
and additives is accomplished
by means of load cells while taking full advantage
of
an automatic
programmable computer technique by PHILIPS Industrial Electronics.
Lube Oil Blending Plant, Koramo
a.s., 1997
The plant consists of
an oil blending and additive mixing part, of base oil stocks and
additive storage tanks, and of filling
the finished lube oils into containers of various sizes including their
storing and dispatching.
Lube oil blending
and additive mixing is a fully automatic batch process
performed within
two paralel lines. Keeping the
weight ratios of the lube oil components is ensured by
their
precise weighing and is program-controlled by remote open-
ing/closing of dedicated flap valves.
Basic feeds to the blending process are the base lube oils. The
blending procedure follows
the prescribed formula for each
product. Additives are mixed according to the precise weight prescription in order to
achieve the required properties.
The basic lube oil stocks
are routed to the blending process from
the storage tanks by pumps, as well as the additives
which are in addition pumped directly from drums. Larger additive volumes are weighed in
hoppers. Volumes
of drum addi-
tives are weighed by using a special equipment for drums emptying.
The lube oils stocks and additives
weighing is accomplished by means of load cells while
taking full advantage of an auto-
matic programmable computer technique by Courbon.
Blending takes place
in mixing agitators - blenders. After the blending procedure has been
finished the lube oil product
is pumped through a multidirectional manifold
to a dedicated storage tank. Instead of installing
various lines for each
finished product, a special manifold-distributor has been designed. This manifold contributes to
the designed economy by
using a
single line common for all the finished products. The line is provided
with a special
tool called a
"pig" which serves
for line cleaning and separating two different mediums pumped through the
line one after the other. This system makes pos-
sible:
- to empty the piping at the end of
operation,
- to separate two different products without their material
contamination,
- to return to a storage tank the excess of product when
overfilling a tank car, a railway car or a drum.
The finished lube oils are stored in dedicated
tanks and delivered to the filling facilities
(barrels, canisters, bottles) or to the
loading arms (rail road tanks, road tank cars).
Vacuum Distillation Unit of Atmospheric Residuum (For Lube
Oil Distillates Production), Paramo a.s., 1997
 The
Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU) of the crude oil atmospheric residuum is the
basic and outgoing
unit in the train of the lube oil production
units. VDU is de-
signed to draw-off four side lube oil distillates, vacuum gas oil, slop distillate
and
vacuum residuum.
Vacuum in the column is ensured by the two-stage
vacuum system consisting
of two steam ejectors, OVH
condenser, intercondensers and barometric seal.
Heat to the distillation
process is supplied by the tubular heater. Surplus heat
is from the column removed by means of
two circulating refluxes and is applied
for crude oil heating in the battery
of exchangers of the crude oil distillation unit.
After the side
lube oil distillates have been stripped in the steam strippers,
their
waste heat and the waste heat of the slop distillate and of
vacuum residuum are
utilized for steam generation (0,4 MPa; 1,0
MPa). At the end, tempered water is
applied to cool the lube oil
distillates.
The main tower is in its fractionating part
provided
by Sulzer Mellapak packing.
Side strippers and the stripping part of the main tower are provided with valve trays.
Production of Bitumen-Bentonite Suspensions,
Paramo a.s., 1992-1993
The bitumen-bentonite
suspensions represent a product often applied as roof covering material
in the building industry.
This type of suspensions is a water
soluble one and its
handling and utilisation do not affect the environment negatively by
solvent
vapours.
The principle of the production is based on the formation of the stable
suspension from two components, i.e. the bitumen
and the bentonite water phase, both being
treated simultaneously when passing through the emulsion-mill. The production
is effected
continuously in one shift operation, though some steps run batchwise.
There are the following products:
SAB 1 - bitumen suspension consistency for use
SAB 5 - bitumen suspension SAB 1 with stabilised latex
SAB C - bitumen suspension SAB 1 with red Fe2O3 added
SAB T - bitumen suspension SAB 1 stabilized latex, pulverised and fibrous
material added
The SAB-l type is
a basic bitumen-bentonite suspension. Components
for its production are bitumen A-80; activated
foundry bentonite (Sabenil 450), aluminium Sulphate
Al2(SO4)3 and water. One
of the most important operations is the
preparation of the bentonite water
phase effected in batches. The dosed quantity of bentonite
is water floated and then
acidified
using the solution of aluminium sulphate. All the above
mentioned
operations require a good
handling "know-how"
in order to govern the heavy viscosity
change when
mixing, and to put violent foaming when acidifying the bentonite water
phase, under control.
The key operation in suspension preparation of the bitumen and bentonite water
phase is their treatment through the emul-
gation mill, delivered by a French company EmulBitume. The outlet
of the mill is a basic suspension marked SAB 0 which
is the outgoing suspension for preparation of the special suspension types: SAB 1, SAB 5, SAB C, SAB T, obtained
by
adding
respective constituents.
The production procedure is followed by filling the products into barrels or small
packings.
SR Gasoline Stabilizer and LPG Production,
Paramo a.s., 1998
The Unit is designed for separation, desulphurization
and loading of LPG of standard quality, for its using in the
industry,
transport and municipal needs.
The products are stabilised
gasoline, liquid
LPG and liquid butane. All these products are determined for
dispatching. The
stabilised gasoline is adjusted to the required
vapour pressure and sent for further upgrading as motor fuel or
sold for other
purposes.
This LPG Unit is designed
for processing of
470t/day of feedstock coming from Distillation Unit. This value
corresponds
approximately to 154 640 t/year of feedstock of SR gasoline. The flexibility of production of unit is between 60-110%
of de-
signed feed flow rate.
Equipment composition of this Unit is as
follows:
-
SR gasoline stabiliser with liquid LPG separation.
-
LPG amine and caustic washing
-
LPG splitting column with the possibility of additional
butane adjustment.
-
In-line blending
-
Storage and loading facilities
SR gasoline coming
from the topping unit is
heated and fed into the stabilizer. LPG vapour is
distilled overhead of the
stabilizer column and then condensed in the
overhead condenser. The liquid phase with the rest of the vapour
phase enter
the reflux tank, where they are separated. Stabilized
SR gasoline leaves the stabilizer column as bottom product.
Further step
proceeds in the MDEA amine scrubber, where LPG is freed
of hydrogen sulphide. If the concentration of
hydrogen sulphide is higher than 0,2 ppm, in this
case there is used for LPG washing also NaOH solution.
The last step in LPG preparation
relies in the
adjustment of final LPG composition. This operation is performed
in the final
distillation column, propane leaves the column as
overhead where butanes via bottom.
In case of the need of LPG
composition adjustment a portion of butanes is admitted
into the overhead
propane stream.
The proper
rate of propane and butane is controlled
by the specific gravity of final product. LPG and
liquid butane are
stored in special tanks.
The process is supervised and controlled by
DCS.
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